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Glossary

0–9

Term What it means Where you met it
3-2-1 rule Keep three copies of important data, on two types of media, with one copy off-site Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
5G The fifth generation of mobile networks (IMT-2020): more speed, very low latency and massive numbers of devices Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II

A

Term What it means Where you met it
Actuator A device that acts on the physical world: a motor, a valve, a relay. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Additive manufacturing 3D printing: building an object layer by layer from a digital model Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Adequacy decision A decision of the European Commission saying that a non-EU country protects personal data as well as the EU, so data can be sent there. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
AEPD Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, the Spanish authority that supervises data protection Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
AI Act Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, the European law on AI: the more harm a system can do, the more obligations it has. Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
AI literacy Enough knowledge of AI for the people who use it at work; required by the AI Act since 2 February 2025. Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
Aligning (areas) Writing, for each area of the company, which strategic goal it serves. Unit 6 · Goals and areas
Anycast One IP address announced from many places at once, so each visitor is served by the nearest copy. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
APA style A citation style: (Author, year) in the text and the full reference in an alphabetical list Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
API An agreed way for two programs to talk to each other and pass data over the network. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Application area Where and for what a company uses a technology: a department, a process, a place Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Area A part of the company that does one kind of work: the bakery floor, purchasing, sales, administration. Unit 6 · Goals and areas
Area × technology matrix A table that gives each priority area its need, the technology that answers it, the goal it serves and the deliverable it comes from. Unit 6 · Fit and technologies
Artificial intelligence (AI) Software that recognises, predicts, generates or decides, usually by learning from data; it can be wrong Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Assessment criterion One concrete check inside a learning outcome: a box you tick to complete the goal. The six RAs have 45 in total. Learning outcomes
Augmented reality (AR) Digital information added on top of what you see, through a phone or glasses Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Automation Doing a task with less human work. Unit 4 · Automation and profitability
Automation pyramid The model that orders a company's technologies in levels, from sensors at the bottom to the ERP at the top. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Availability The pillar of security that makes data and systems work when they are needed Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation

B

Term What it means Where you met it
Bias A systematic distortion a model learns from unbalanced or unfair data. Unit 4 · What is AI
Big data Data so large, fast or varied that ordinary tools cannot handle them Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Block storage Cloud volumes that a virtual machine mounts as if they were a disk Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
Blockchain A shared ledger copied on many computers, with blocks linked by cryptography so that past entries cannot be changed unnoticed Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Bucket A container in object storage that holds files with their metadata Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
Business intelligence (BI) Dashboards and reports that turn a company's data into decisions. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Business model The way a company creates value for its customers and earns money from it Unit 2 · Products, services and markets

C

Term What it means Where you met it
CDN Content delivery network: servers spread around the world that keep copies of a website so each visitor gets it from a nearby point. Unit 3 · Edge, fog and mist
Change log A table with one row per change of the plan: before, after, goal, indicator and dates. Unit 6 · People and documentation
Change management Everything you do so people adopt a change: explain why, train before switching on, support the first days. Unit 6 · People and documentation
Characteristic What a technology is like, true in any company: "rapid elasticity" Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
CIA triad Confidentiality, integrity and availability: the three properties cybersecurity protects Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Cloud Computing (servers, storage, applications) used over the internet, on demand, and paid for by use Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
CLOUD Act A US law of 2018 that obliges US providers to hand over data under their control when legally requested, wherever the data are stored. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
Cloud computing Renting computing resources on demand, over the network, shared with other customers, elastic and paid by use. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
Cobot Collaborative robot: designed to work next to people without a fence, slower and with lighter loads Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Communication areas The channels that connect people inside and outside the company (website, phone, messaging, email) and the network underneath. Unit 6 · Goals and areas
Community cloud A cloud shared by several organisations with a common interest, such as public administrations. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Confidentiality The pillar of security that lets only authorised people access the data Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Connected product A product with sensors and software that sends usage data and can be improved after it is sold Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
Connected system Devices, applications and people that exchange data over a network. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
Controller Under the RGPD, the organisation that decides what personal data are used for Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Cooperative learning Group work where each member owns a piece nobody else can do for them, and the group only succeeds if every piece fits. The project
Coordinator The rotating role that splits the sections, sets internal deadlines, writes the group log and hands in the PDF. The project
CRISP-DM A widely used six-phase reference model for data-mining and data-science projects Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
CRM Customer Relationship Management: the system that manages contacts, sales, incidents and campaigns with customers. Unit 1 · Industry 4.0 and IT systems
Cyber-physical system A physical thing (machine, building, vehicle) with sensors, software and a connection, monitored and controlled digitally. Unit 1 · Industry 4.0 and IT systems
Cybersecurity Technical and organisational measures that protect systems, networks and data Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I

D

Term What it means Where you met it
Data Raw facts, values or symbols with no context (one of them is a datum) Unit 5 · Data, information and lifecycle
Data Act Regulation (EU) 2023/2854; among other things it makes switching cloud provider possible, with no switching charges from 12 January 2027. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
Data analysis Examining data to get information out of them, with statistics or machine learning Unit 5 · Big data
Data as an asset The idea that customers' usage data have value in themselves: they improve, personalise and guide decisions Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
Data breach A security incident in which personal data are lost, leaked, altered or accessed without permission Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Data centre A building full of servers, network, power and cooling where the cloud physically runs. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
Data lake A store of raw data in any format, at large scale, for big data and model training Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
Data lifecycle The stages data go through: capture, storage, processing, use and sharing, archive and deletion Unit 5 · Data, information and lifecycle
Data minimisation The RGPD principle of collecting only the personal data the purpose needs Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Data science Combining statistics, programming and business knowledge to get information and knowledge from data Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
Data sovereignty Knowing and controlling where data are, who can reach them and which law applies to them. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
Data warehouse A store of structured data already prepared for reports and dashboards Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
Deep learning (DL) Machine learning with neural networks of many layers; good with images, sound and text. Unit 4 · What is AI
Demand forecasting Estimating future sales, occupancy, consumption or workload from past data. Unit 4 · Automation and profitability
Deployment model Whose infrastructure the cloud runs on and who can use it: public, private, hybrid or multicloud. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Descriptive analysis Analysis that answers "what happened?" Unit 5 · Big data
Diagnostic analysis Analysis that answers "why did it happen?" Unit 5 · Big data
DigComp The European Digital Competence Framework of the Commission's JRC; version 3.0 (2025) has 5 areas, 21 competences and 4 levels. Unit 6 · People and documentation
Digital enabling technology A digital technology that makes possible new processes, products, services or business models; an upgrade in the tech tree, not the final product Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Digital maturity How far a company already uses digital technology in its strategy, processes and people. Unit 6 · Goals and areas
Digital transformation A deep change in a company's business model, organisation or customer relationship made possible by digital technology. Unit 1 · What is digitalisation
Digital transformation dossier The document where your group analyses one real company and plans how it should go digital, one chapter per unit. The project
Digital twin A virtual replica of a real asset, process or place kept up to date with real data Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Digitalisation Using digital technology to improve or automate a process that already exists. Unit 1 · What is digitalisation
Digitisation Turning analogue information into a digital format; the medium changes, the process does not. Unit 1 · What is digitalisation
DIKW pyramid A teaching model of the climb from data to information, knowledge and wisdom Unit 5 · Data, information and lifecycle
DNS The internet's phone book: it turns a domain name into the IP address of the server. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty

E

Term What it means Where you met it
E-waste Discarded electrical and electronic devices Unit 2 · Sustainability, business and plant
Edge computing Processing data close to where they are produced, to react fast and keep working offline. Unit 3 · Edge, fog and mist
Editor The rotating role that takes care of format, spelling and one voice, so the deliverable reads like one document. The project
Efficient economy One that gets the same result with fewer resources: energy, water, materials, time Unit 2 · Sustainability, business and plant
eMBB Enhanced mobile broadband: the 5G scenario for much higher speed Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
End to end The whole journey, from the customer's order to delivery and invoice, running through connected systems without typing data twice. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning: the system that brings finance, purchasing, stock, sales and HR together in one database. Unit 1 · Industry 4.0 and IT systems
Essential entity Under NIS2, a large organisation in a highly critical sector, with the strictest supervision Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Eurostat The statistical office of the European Union. Unit 4 · Sectors, languages and software
EU–US Data Privacy Framework The adequacy decision of 10 July 2023 that allows personal data to be sent to certified US companies. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty

F

Term What it means Where you met it
FaaS Function as a Service: small pieces of code that run in the cloud when something happens, billed per execution. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Fact A statement you can support with a source, and you cite it Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
File storage A shared folder system over the network, offered as a cloud service Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
Fog computing An intermediate layer on the local network that joins and processes the data of many edge points before sending them to the cloud. Unit 3 · Edge, fog and mist
Freemium A business model with a free basic version and paid advanced functions Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
Friction An exchange between two areas that wastes time or causes errors, such as retyping data. Unit 6 · Fit and technologies
Functions of the cloud What a company uses the cloud for: mainly processing data, exchanging information and running applications. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Future need A need that will appear in one to three years, because of the company's goals or its sector. Unit 6 · Fit and technologies

G

Term What it means Where you met it
Gantt chart A timeline with one horizontal bar per task, from its start to its end. Unit 6 · People and documentation
Generative AI AI that creates new content (text, code, images, audio, video) from an instruction. Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
GitHub Pages A free GitHub service that publishes a static website straight from a repository. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
Group log Acta de grup: the short table in every deliverable that records who owned each section, who had each role and what was decided. The project
Group part The 40% of a deliverable that the whole group shares: introduction, summary table, conclusions, sources, format, coherence. The project

H

Term What it means Where you met it
Hallucination A false or invented answer from an AI model, well written and convincing. Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
Hybrid cloud Private or on-premise infrastructure and public cloud, connected and working together. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Hypothesis A claim about the company you believe is reasonable but could not check. You label it as such instead of stating it as a fact. The project

I

Term What it means Where you met it
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service: you rent virtual machines, network and storage, and manage everything from the operating system up. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
IIoT Industrial internet of things: IoT applied to factories, plants and infrastructure Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Important entity Under NIS2, a medium or large organisation in a covered sector that is not essential Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Indicator (KPI) A number with a fixed formula, calculated from data you have, that shows whether a goal is being reached. Unit 6 · Security, data and integration
Individual accountability Your mark depends on your own work, and everyone can see what you did. The project
Individual defence A 2–3 minute one-to-one conversation with the teacher about your own section of a deliverable. 20% of the deliverable. The project
Individual part The 60% of a deliverable that is only yours: your own signed section (40%) and your individual defence (20%). The project
Industrial robot A fast, precise robot for heavy loads that works behind a fence or safety barrier Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Industry 4.0 The fourth industrial revolution: machines, products and systems connected and generating data used to decide. Unit 1 · Industry 4.0 and IT systems
Inference Using a trained model on new data to get an answer. Unit 4 · What is AI
Information Data processed and put in context so that they mean something to somebody Unit 5 · Data, information and lifecycle
Information island A system that does not talk to the others, so someone has to copy its data by hand. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Information security Protecting information in any form, including paper and people Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Integration How data travel between applications, and on which platforms those applications run. Unit 6 · Security, data and integration
Integrity The pillar of security that keeps data correct and unaltered without permission Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Interface The point where two areas hand something to each other: data, a document, a product, an order. Unit 6 · Fit and technologies
Internet of things (IoT) Physical objects with sensors and actuators, connected to the internet, that send data and receive orders Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
IT Information technology: the technology that manages information and business data, the office side of a company. Unit 1 · What is digitalisation
IT/OT convergence The trend of IT and OT sharing more and more technology and being connected to each other. Unit 1 · Industry 4.0 and IT systems

K

Term What it means Where you met it
Knowledge cutoff The date after which a model knows nothing, because its training data stop there. Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
KPI Key performance indicator: one number you measure before and after to check an improvement Unit 2 · Sustainability, business and plant

L

Term What it means Where you met it
Large language model (LLM) A huge neural network trained on text to predict the next piece of text, again and again. Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
Latency The delay between sending something over a network and it arriving Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Lateral reading Opening other tabs to check what independent sources say about a website, instead of trusting its own description Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
Learning outcome Resultat d'aprenentatge (RA): one thing you must be able to do by the end of the module. This module has six. Learning outcomes
Ledger A record of entries (transactions, movements) kept in order Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Library Code someone else wrote and published so you can reuse it, such as PyTorch or scikit-learn. Unit 4 · Sectors, languages and software
LOPDGDD Ley Orgánica 3/2018, the Spanish law that adapts the RGPD and adds digital rights Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
LSSI Ley 34/2002, the Spanish information society law; its Article 22.2 requires consent for non-essential cookies Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation

M

Term What it means Where you met it
Machine learning (ML) The part of AI where a system learns patterns from data instead of receiving the rules. Unit 4 · What is AI
MES Manufacturing Execution System: manages production orders, traceability and quality; the bridge between plant and ERP. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Mist computing The lightest processing layer, inside the sensors and actuators themselves. Unit 3 · Edge, fog and mist
Mixed reality Digital objects placed in the real room that interact with it Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
MLOps The work of deploying, monitoring and updating machine learning models in production. Unit 4 · Sectors, languages and software
mMTC Massive machine-type communications: the 5G scenario for huge numbers of devices Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Model The result of training: a file of numbers that captures the patterns learned from the data. Unit 4 · What is AI
MQTT A lightweight messaging protocol for the internet of things. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Multicloud Using services from two or more cloud providers at the same time. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions

N

Term What it means Where you met it
Network slicing Several virtual networks on the same 5G antennas, each with its own guarantees Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Neural network A program of many small connected units in layers, whose connection weights are adjusted while it learns. Unit 4 · What is AI
NIS2 Directive (EU) 2022/2555, which sets common cybersecurity rules for key sectors Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation

O

Term What it means Where you met it
Object storage Cloud storage that keeps whole files with metadata in buckets, reached through an API Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
On-premise The company buys its own servers and keeps them in its own building. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
OPC UA An industrial standard for machines and systems to share data securely. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Open dataset Data published by an organisation so that anybody can download and reuse them Unit 5 · Data science and the cloud
Open DMAT The EU's free digital maturity self-assessment, which scores a company in six dimensions. Unit 6 · Goals and areas
Optimisation Doing a task better: the best price, route or moment. Unit 4 · Automation and profitability
OT Operational technology: the technology that monitors and controls physical processes, machines and installations. Unit 1 · What is digitalisation

P

Term What it means Where you met it
PaaS Platform as a Service: you bring your code and the platform runs it, without you managing servers. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
Passive audit A security check that only looks at what a website already shows to any visitor Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Pay per use A business model where you pay for what you actually consume Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
Payback period How long it takes to recover the initial investment of a project. Unit 4 · Automation and profitability
Payload The maximum weight a robot can carry or handle Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Personal data Any information about an identified or identifiable person: name, email, IP address, location Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Personal data breach A security incident that has already affected personal data; under the RGPD it is notified within 72 hours where feasible. Unit 6 · Security, data and integration
Personalisation Adapting a product or service to each customer with their data, without the cost exploding Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
Phishing Fake messages that trick people into clicking or giving away their credentials Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Platform (marketplace) A business that connects supply and demand and takes a commission or a fee Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
PLC Programmable Logic Controller: an industrial computer that reads sensors and drives actuators in real time. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
PMS Property Management System: a hotel's management system for bookings, rooms, check-in and billing. Unit 1 · Industry 4.0 and IT systems
Positive interdependence The group needs everyone's piece to finish: nobody can complete the group part alone. The project
Predictive analysis Analysis that answers "what will happen?", often with machine learning Unit 5 · Big data
Predictive maintenance Anticipating machine failures from sensor data before they happen Unit 2 · Sustainability, business and plant
Prescriptive analysis Analysis that answers "what should we do?" Unit 5 · Big data
Present need Something that hurts the company today. Unit 6 · Fit and technologies
Pricing calculator A provider's free web tool that estimates what you would pay for what you describe. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Primary source The original document: the company's report, the law in the BOIB, the spec sheet Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
Priority matrix A table that scores each area by impact on the goals and current maturity, so high-impact, low-maturity areas go first. Unit 6 · Goals and areas
Privacy policy The public document where a company explains which personal data it collects, why, for whom and for how long Unit 5 · Data, information and lifecycle
Private cloud Cloud infrastructure for the exclusive use of one organisation, wherever it is located. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Private network A mobile network for one site only, such as a factory or a port Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Processor Under the RGPD, an organisation that handles personal data on behalf of the controller Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Prompt The instruction or input text you give a generative AI model. Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
Public cloud A provider's infrastructure, offered to any customer and shared among many. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions

R

Term What it means Where you met it
Ransomware Malicious software that encrypts an organisation's files and demands money to unlock them Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Reach How far a robot arm can extend Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Rebound effect When more efficiency makes something cheaper and people use so much more of it that total consumption rises Unit 2 · Sustainability, business and plant
Region A group of data centres of a provider in one geographical area; the customer chooses it. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
Reinforcement learning Learning by trying actions and receiving rewards or penalties. Unit 4 · What is AI
Resistance to change People's reluctance to adopt a new way of working; a risk the plan foresees, not a fault. Unit 6 · People and documentation
Return on investment (ROI) (What you gain − what it cost) / what it cost. Unit 4 · Automation and profitability
RGPD Regulation (EU) 2016/679, the EU law that protects people's personal data (GDPR in English) Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Risk-based approach The AI Act's idea: obligations grow with the harm a system can do (unacceptable, high, limited, minimal). Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
Roadmap The changes of the plan placed in time, in order and with dependencies. Unit 6 · People and documentation
Robotics Design and use of programmable machines that do physical tasks Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
RPA Robotic process automation: software that repeats rule-based screen tasks as a person would; not physical robotics Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II

S

Term What it means Where you met it
SaaS Software as a service: software used over the internet and paid for by subscription Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition: collects plant data, shows them on screens, raises alarms and sends orders from a control room. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Search operator A short code that tells a search engine exactly what you want: "...", site:, filetype:, -, OR Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
Secondary source A source that reports on an original: a newspaper article, a blog post Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
Security gap A weak point of an area, something that could go wrong with its data or systems by attack, mistake or accident. Unit 6 · Security, data and integration
Security header An instruction a website sends to the browser to make the visit safer, such as HSTS or CSP Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Semi-structured data Data with labels or keys but no rigid schema, such as JSON or logs Unit 5 · Big data
Sensor A device that measures a physical quantity: temperature, level, pressure, presence. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Service model How much of a system the provider gives ready-made and how much the customer manages: IaaS, PaaS or SaaS. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
Servitisation Moving from selling a product to selling its use or its result as a service Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
Shared responsibility model The provider looks after the layers it runs; the customer looks after the rest, and always after its data. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
SIFT Stop, Investigate the source, Find better coverage, Trace to the original: a four-step method to evaluate sources Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
Skills gap The distance between what a job will need after the plan and what its people can do today. Unit 6 · People and documentation
SMART A checklist for goals: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound (Doran, 1981). Unit 6 · Goals and areas
Smart contract A small program stored on a blockchain that runs automatically when a condition is met Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Source checker The rotating role that opens every link and checks that every fact has a working, reliable source and every hypothesis is labelled. The project
Source of truth The one system where a piece of data is created and corrected; the others copy it from there. Unit 6 · Security, data and integration
Spec sheet The manufacturer's technical data of a product Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
SQL injection An attack where text typed by a user runs as part of a database query. Unit 4 · Sectors, languages and software
Standard contractual clauses Model contract terms approved by the European Commission that allow personal data to be sent outside the EEA. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
Static website A website made of files (HTML, CSS, images) that are the same for every visitor. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
Strategic goal Where the company wants to be, by when, and how you will know it got there. Unit 6 · Goals and areas
Structured data Data in rows and columns with a fixed schema, such as a SQL table Unit 5 · Big data
Subprocessor Another company that handles data on behalf of a service provider, listed in its privacy documents. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
Subscription A business model with a regular fee to access a product or service Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
Summary matrix The group table of Deliverable 2: the eleven technologies against the company's areas Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
Supervised learning Learning from labelled examples (input plus the correct answer) to classify or predict a value. Unit 4 · What is AI
Sustainable economy One that meets today's needs without compromising the future: environmental, economic and social Unit 2 · Sustainability, business and plant

T

Term What it means Where you met it
Tech tree In a strategy game, the map of upgrades you unlock, where some need others first; the course image for enabling technologies Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Technician The rotating role that leads the hands-on IT part of a deliverable: calculator, website, demo, data analysis, passive audit. The project
Technology sheet The seven-field page that Deliverable 2 gives to every technology Unit 2 · Writing the technology report
Three Vs Volume, velocity and variety: the three features that define big data Unit 2 · Enabling technologies I
Token A piece of text (a word or part of one) that a language model works with; prices and limits count tokens. Unit 4 · Generative AI and responsible use
Traceability Knowing, for each product, its batch, line, day and raw materials. Unit 1 · Plant, business and IT–OT
Training Adjusting a model with example data; slow and expensive, done a few times. Unit 4 · What is AI
Transformation plan The document that integrates the whole project behind the company's goals: D6, the master plan of the city. Unit 6 · Final presentation
Transformation project The master plan of a company's digital transformation, starting from its goals. It is RA6 and your final deliverable. Learning outcomes
Transposition Turning an EU directive into national law in each member state Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation
Travel tech The market of digital technology for tourism, with many platform companies in Mallorca Unit 2 · Products, services and markets
Twin transition The EU idea that the digital and the green transitions must move together Unit 2 · Sustainability, business and plant
Two-factor authentication Logging in with a second proof besides the password, such as a code on your phone Unit 5 · Cybersecurity and regulation

U

Term What it means Where you met it
Unstructured data Content with no predefined fields: free text, images, audio, video Unit 5 · Big data
Unsupervised learning Learning without labels: the system looks for groups or structure in the data. Unit 4 · What is AI
URLLC Ultra-reliable low-latency communications: the 5G scenario for remote control of machines Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II

V

Term What it means Where you met it
Value The V of big data that asks whether the data bring a benefit Unit 5 · Big data
Variety The V of big data about mixing many formats and sources Unit 5 · Big data
vCPU A virtual processor: the unit in which the size of a cloud machine is measured. Unit 3 · Deployment and functions
Velocity The V of big data about data arriving fast and needing quick processing Unit 5 · Big data
Vendor lock-in Depending so much on one provider that switching to another becomes too hard or expensive. Unit 3 · Advantages and sovereignty
Veracity The V of big data about the quality and reliability of the data Unit 5 · Big data
Virtual machine A computer simulated by software on a provider's hardware. Unit 3 · Cloud and service models
Virtual reality (VR) A simulated environment that replaces what you see, through a headset Unit 2 · Enabling technologies II
Volume The V of big data about the very large and growing amount of data Unit 5 · Big data

W

Term What it means Where you met it
Work unit Unitat de treball (UT): a block of sessions on one topic. In this module each UT trains one RA. Learning outcomes